RAID

Ubuntu LVM on RAID1

2023年01月29日

Overview

Ubuntu で RAID 1 上に LVM の構成を構築する。

本記事では sdb と sdc の 2 Disk で RAID 1 と RAID 上に LVM を構成する方法と手順を記載する。

Storage Diagram

Requirement

  • OS (ubuntu) は RAID 対象外
  • 初期の RAID 構成は sdb と sdc の 2 Disk で RAID 1 構成とする
  • sdd と sde の 2 Disk は 初期構成した RIAD 1 の Storage 容量が不測した場合に追加するものとする

Reference

Environment

root@nas:~# uname -a
Linux nas 5.15.0-58-generic #64-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jan 5 11:43:13 UTC 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
root@nas:~# cat /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION_ID="22.04"
VERSION="22.04.1 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)"
VERSION_CODENAME=jammy
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
UBUNTU_CODENAME=jammy
root@nas:~#

Procedure Summary

RAID

  1. Partition
  2. md

LVM

  1. PV Create
  2. VG Create
  3. LV Create
  4. Create Mount Point
  5. Mount
  6. mdadm.conf
  7. initramfs update
  8. fstab
  9. reboot and check

RAID [ Partition ]

fdisk で追加する HDD[sdb , sdc] を確認

root@nas:~# ls -la /dev/sd[bc]
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 16 Jan 23 12:30 /dev/sdb
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 32 Jan 23 12:30 /dev/sdc
root@nas:~# 
root@nas:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/loop0: 46.96 MiB, 49242112 bytes, 96176 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop1: 61.96 MiB, 64970752 bytes, 126896 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop2: 79.95 MiB, 83832832 bytes, 163736 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sda: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Disk model: VBOX HARDDISK   
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: FA6120DA-07AF-4E7F-BAFD-B3F929BBFFCF

Device       Start      End  Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sda1     2048     4095     2048    1M BIOS boot
/dev/sda2     4096  3674111  3670016  1.8G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3  3674112 20969471 17295360  8.2G Linux filesystem


Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv: 8.25 GiB, 8854175744 bytes, 17293312 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdb: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Disk model: HARDDISK        
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdc: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Disk model: HARDDISK        
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
root@nas:~#

Partitionの作成

sdb partition

root@nas:~# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.4
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) unit GB                                                          
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) mkpart primary                                                   
File system type?  [ext2]? ext4                                           
Start? 0%                                                                 
End? 100%                                                                 
(parted) set 1 raid on
(parted) p                                                                
Model: VBOX HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      0.00GB  10.7GB  10.7GB  ext4         primary  raid

(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

root@nas:~#

sdc partition

root@nas:~# parted /dev/sdc
GNU Parted 3.4
Using /dev/sdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) unit GB                                                          
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) mkpart primary                                                   
File system type?  [ext2]? ext4
Start? 0%
End? 100%                                                                 
(parted) set 1 raid on                                                    
(parted) p                                                                
Model: VBOX HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 10.7GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      0.00GB  10.7GB  10.7GB  ext4         primary  raid

(parted) quit                                                             
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

root@nas:~#

Raid [ array ]

# ls -l /dev/sd[bc]*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 16 Jan 18 12:56 /dev/sdb
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 17 Jan 18 12:55 /dev/sdb1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 32 Jan 18 12:56 /dev/sdc
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 33 Jan 18 12:55 /dev/sdc1
# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=raid1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to
store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
--metadata=0.90
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
# 
# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] 
md0 : active raid1 sdc1[1] sdb1[0]
10474496 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

unused devices: 
# 
# mdadm --misc --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Wed Jan 18 17:18:49 2023
        Raid Level : raid1
        Array Size : 10474496 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 10474496 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
      Raid Devices : 2
     Total Devices : 2
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Wed Jan 18 17:29:53 2023
             State : clean 
    Active Devices : 2
   Working Devices : 2
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : grav:0  (local to host grav)
              UUID : e36e3967:88231965:fe5416d2:f964bfd5
            Events : 17

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       17        0      active sync   /dev/sdb1
       1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
#

LVM [ physical volume ]

# pvcreate /dev/md0
 Physical volume "/dev/md0" successfully created.

LVM [ volume group ]

# vgcreate share_vg /dev/md0
 Volume group "share_vg" successfully created

LVM [ logical volume ]

# lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n share_lv share_vg
 Logical volume "share_lv" created.

File System

# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/share_vg/share_lv
mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
Creating filesystem with 2618368 4k blocks and 655360 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 5c214910-661d-4c8a-9a44-369a98331d35
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 
#

mount point

# mkdir /mnt/share
# ls -l /mnt
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 29 01:11 share
#

mount

# mount /dev/mapper/share_vg-share_lv /mnt/share
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 198M 1.1M 197M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 8.1G 4.3G 3.4G 57% /
tmpfs 988M 0 988M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2 1.7G 127M 1.5G 8% /boot
tmpfs 198M 4.0K 198M 1% /run/user/1000
/dev/mapper/share_vg-share_lv 9.8G 24K 9.3G 1% /mnt/share
#

mdadm.conf

# mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
# vim /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
ARRAY /dev/md0 UUID=30758c0c:c1186a6d:1e167485:d68b11d9

initramfs update

# update-initramfs -u
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-58-generic
# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] 
md127 : active raid1 sdc1[1] sdb1[0]
10474496 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

unused devices: <none>
#

fstab

# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/mapper/share_vg-share_lv /mnt/share ext4 defaults 0 0

reboot and check

# reboot
# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] 
md0 : active raid1 sdc1[1] sdb1[0]
10474496 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

unused devices: <none>
# 
# ls -l /dev/md*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 9, 0 Jan 29 01:25 /dev/md0
# 
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 198M 1.1M 197M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 8.1G 4.3G 3.4G 57% /
tmpfs 988M 0 988M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
/dev/mapper/share_vg-share_lv 9.8G 24K 9.3G 1% /mnt/share
/dev/sda2 1.7G 127M 1.5G 8% /boot
tmpfs 198M 4.0K 198M 1% /run/user/1000
#
Computer